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Dec 17 2006, 10:04 PM EST
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Change: In the days before the Roman destruction of Carthage, and even later, it had been possible to sail directly to India from the Mediterranean, through
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Sep 25 2006, 12:25 PM EDT
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Change: There were only format changes (bold, italics, etc.) in this version. See this version for details.
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Sep 25 2006, 12:24 PM EDT
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Change: road which passed overland to China, hemp was widely introduced in ancient times. It occurs naturally only in India. Two of these routes pass through regions in which
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Sep 15 2006, 10:21 AM EDT
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Change: It is not to be wondered at that the Romans should have adopted the Phoenician term for hempen cloth, since hemp fibre and fabric was for millennia the quintessential maritime material. Nothing else was used, by choice, for marine rope and cordage: from the days of the ocean-going Phoenicians
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Sep 15 2006, 10:14 AM EDT
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Change: Note added (2006):The first paper factory in Muslim Spain was established in 1150 ad in Alicante province, using hemp cultivated around the city of Xativa.
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Sep 15 2006, 10:06 AM EDT
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Change: In the days before the Roman destruction of Carthage, and even later, it had been possible to sail directly from the Mediterranean to India through
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Sep 15 2006, 9:52 AM EDT
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Change: A direct link between forms of card-use in fourteenth and fifteenth century Europe, and the 'Moorish' regions of Spain and North Africa is attested: we hear of a 'joc Moresche' or 'quartres Moresche' at that time.It may be well to note here that the variousmore easterly regions
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Sep 15 2006, 9:39 AM EDT
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Change: which gives usthus the English napkin and (possibly by thethis samelater pattern of descent) the Spanish naipes.In its reference to hemp, the Spanish term shows closest connection to Chinese and Persian words for cards. The Chinese call them ‘hempen birds’ while a Persian term, Ganjifah,
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Sep 14 2006, 9:30 AM EDT
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Change: Since hempen-rag then provided the best and most durable of paper (as it still does), so theThe Spanish naipes,naipes, like the Persian Ganjifah,Ganjifah, seems to associates the material of hemp with the development of card-use in those regions.It is not to
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Sep 13 2006, 6:55 PM EDT
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Change: It is the imagery of the other manuscripts, which accurately identify the major stars of the celestial highroad and of the compoass which originally formed the basis for the imagery of our Atouts in the tarot.AS to how or why western card-packs should refer to these things: that is,
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Sep 13 2006, 6:31 PM EDT
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Change: represent the religious and folk-character, as well as the astronomical identity of the 17 stars of that compass.Careful adherence to the Augustinian ideal of the ‘servant-star’ is to be seen on some among
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Sep 13 2006, 6:19 PM EDT
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Change: There were only format changes (bold, italics, etc.) in this version. See this version for details.
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Sep 13 2006, 6:09 PM EDT
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Change: Medicine by rote: Hayl, Ibn Botlan, Tawaddud and others in the history of western card-use“We nay take three inferences from these facts: first that Europe’s earliest cards were probably of hempen linen, or paper made from hempen-rag; secondly, that
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Sep 12 2006, 11:14 PM EDT
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Change: Gregory the Great, in his commentary on the most star-filled book of the Bible, the Book of Job, offers an extended metaphor of the life of the monk as mariner.Gregory’sGregory of Tours' aim, of course, was not to divide the
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Sep 12 2006, 10:24 PM EDT
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Change: An important aspect of this belief was the form of the patchwork shirt. When Memed stood before the walls of Byzantium, laying siege to it,
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Sep 11 2006, 4:12 PM EDT
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Change: which was to be the standard term for cards in Spain, refers to hemp-cloth or fibre, and ultimately derives from the Phoenician wordmeans mappa,'sheetlets' meaningof hemp-cloth. Investigation ofFor thethis Spanishreason, term,it therefore,shows doesan notapparently greatlycloser contributeconnection to
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Sep 11 2006, 3:36 PM EDT
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Change: direction. This root is common to the Semitic and Hamitic languages and appears in the western documents as 'naib' and 'naibyy' and so forth.But Thethe thirdSpanish term:term, naipesnaipes, which iswas to be the standard term for cards in Spain, descendsrefers to hemp-cloth
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Sep 2 2006, 3:17 AM EDT
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Change: Renamed from Essay 2: Hempen birds by Sep 2 2006, 3:17 AM EDT for: I want to make it a sub-page of the home page
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Aug 29 2006, 12:21 PM EDT
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Change: Legends about Alexander were as ubiquitous in medieval Islam as in medieval Christendom, or India, but the tale of that military cloak and its divisions
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Aug 29 2006, 12:17 PM EDT
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Change: Created by Aug 29 2006, 12:17 PM EDT for: no reason given
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